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In the January 1959 Mercury program plan, flights of the capsule on a Jupiter IRBM were to take place in addition to flights atop the Redstone and Atlas boosters. The second Mercury-Jupiter flight was planned as a maximum dynamic pressure test to qualify a production Mercury capsule with a chimpanzee aboard. The Mercury-Jupiter flights were cancelled in July 1959 on cost grounds.
The program insignia shown above is post factum.
References:
Grimwood, James M. 1963. Project Mercury: A Chronology. NASA SP-4001.
Encyclopedia Astronautica.
Wikipedia.
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